Digital secondary systems: Sampled Values
Merging units, sampled measurements, GOOSE, process bus and network redundancy.
Independent public references
Follow the source.
Standards references, public manufacturer information and official CAD resources support this library. Original explanations and illustrations are kept distinct from publisher material.
A public download is not automatically licensed for redistribution. Manufacturer graphics, CAD files and standards content remain at their original sources; original artwork has its own clearly stated scope and licence.
Read the sourcing and illustration policySEL-2488 satellite-synchronised network clock
PTP, NTP, IRIG-B, pulse distribution, reference failover and timing quality.
SEL-2411 programmable automation controller
Station I/O, alarms, event recording, command and communications interfaces.
Gas-insulated switchgear
Primary switching equipment and instrument-transformer interfaces.
Disconnectors and earthing switches
Disconnector construction, earthing switches and operating mechanisms.
Line traps: power-line carrier communication
Line traps, coupling and power-line carrier communications.
Modular switchgear monitoring
Gas, operating mechanism and circuit-breaker condition monitoring.
Microgrid operating modes and transitions management
Grid-connected and island modes, transitions, topology and authority.
Microgrid Flex components and control design
Microgrid power and control interfaces, synchronisation and source coordination.
Microgrid control systems
Active and reactive power, generation, load control, operating reserves and system supervision.
Avista Shared Energy Economy microgrid protection and control case study
Storage, protection, black start, load restoration and coordinated island operation.
AGC power management options G4, G5 and G8
Generator start/stop, load sharing, reserve and power management.
Microgrid processing and control functions
Renewable generation dispatch and microgrid source coordination.